GMOD CLOCKWORK PHASE FOUR SAFEBOX FULL

But compared to the standard double-spend attack with hashpower majority, the state-attack is extremely difficult and unrealistic to execute. The state-attack, however, is unique to Pascal and requires an attacker to re-mine the network median history to succeed. With a double-spend, PascalвЂ™s security parallels to that of a secure Proof-of-Work UTXO blockchain and is a function of hashpower.

A state-attack refers to corrupting a balance and trying to cover it up by re-mining blocks in a way that other nodes cannot detect the hacked balance. A double-spend refers to an attack involving majority hashpower and rolling back already accepted transactions but not hacking account balances as stored in the SafeBox. With regards to the state-attack, a distinction should be made between a double-spend and a state-attack. The latter is due to the state-attack vector as explained in the following.

GMOD CLOCKWORK PHASE FOUR SAFEBOX FULL

The SafeBox retains the full cryptographic integrity and retains 99% of the cryptographic security of a full blockchain. Nodes will only adopt the SafeBox with the most work.ДЄ distinction should be made between cryptographic integrity, the proof that the SafeBox is hashed correctly from block 0, and cryptographic security, the number of blocks that need to be re-mined in an attack. In this manner, the state and its evolution are preserved by using the difficulties in the block headers the total work used to evolve that state can then be calculated. the state of all accounts at that point in time) and also the previous block header. Each block header makes a hash commitment to the previous SafeBox state (i.e.

That follows from the fact that the SafeBox contains all the block headers used to construct that SafeBox within the SafeBox itself. The SafeBox preserves the cryptographic integrity of the full blockchain even though nodes are not required to store the full blockchain. Since only the ledger balance is required for consensus and not the full ledger, Pascal attains exponentially higher transaction throughput per unit of storage than UTXO-based cryptocurrencies. As a result, the blockchain in Pascal is capable of being deleted without any security compromise. Whilst a Proof-of-Work blockchain is still required to facilitate Byzantine consensus (up to a checkpoint), it is not permanently required. Unlike traditional UTXO-based cryptocurrencies, the blockchain in Pascal is only used to mutate the SafeBox. The resultant hash of the mutated SafeBox must then be referenced by the subsequent block in order to qualify as the next block. Every time a new block is minted, the transactions or operations contained within that block are eventually applied to the SafeBox which results in a mutated state. The вЂњaddressвЂќ of an account is simply its index within the SafeBox (with an appended checksum). Structurally, it is like a spreadsheet where each row denotes a bank account (PASA) and each column denotes a property of that account (i.e. The SafeBox is the ultimate source of truth in Pascal and maintains a ledger balance of all usersвЂ™ funds rather than the full ledger.

Gmod clockwork phase four safebox